Coarsegrained and finegrained locking niklas fors 201205 art of multiprocessor programming 1. Evolution in architectures and programming methodologies of. This paper examines the interface between fine grained and coarse grained programmable logic in fpgas. Coarsegrained interfaces enable service composition in soa. This paper examines the interface between finegrained and coarsegrained programmable logic in fpgas. A finegrained description regards smaller components of which the larger ones are composed. Design of lowpower coarse grained reconfigurable architectures kim, yoonjin, mahapatra, rabi n. Ultimately, our goal is to be able to achieve a speedup that correlates to the. When mapping software applications or parts of them onto hardware, however, fine grain arrays, such as fieldprogrammable gate arrays fpgas, often provide more flexibility than is needed, and do not implement coarserlevel operations efficiently. Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures while the first systems for reconfigurable computation featured fine grained fpgas, it was soon discovered, that fpgas bear different disadvantages for computational tasks. Finegrained vehicle model recognition using a coarse to fine convolutional neural network architecture abstract.
Coarse grain simd have more computation time then the fine grain architecture. Example of a coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture. Swarm programs consist of tasks with programmerspecified order constraints. Coarsegrained services microservices with docker on. While fine grained mean we can transform individual element on the datas. Coarsegrained configurable architectures the range of existing reconfigurable architectures is subdivided in fine and coarsegrained approaches. Exemplary finegrained and coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Coarsegrained views on server vs finegrained views assembled. However, there are few cgras that support speculative parallelism well, which is an important resource for parallelism exploration. A survey of coarsegrained reconfigurable architecture and. Finegrained vehicle model recognition is a challenging problem in intelligent transportation systems due to the subtle intracategory appearance variation. A coarse grained description is a model where some of this fine detail has been smoothed over or averaged out. Mar 29, 2010 when mapping software applications or parts of them onto hardware, however, fine grain arrays, such as fieldprogrammable gate arrays fpgas, often provide more flexibility than is needed, and do not implement coarserlevel operations efficiently. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading building microservices. Mlp and dlp support have become a topic in recent cgras for dataintensive domains 19, 20.
Coarsegrained interfaces enable service composition in. Designing finegrained systems kindle edition by newman, sam. Maximizing performance with finegrained parallelism. A coarsegrained description of a system regards large subcomponents. We distinguish fine grained from coarse grained parallelism, a topic discussed in section 3. Aug 29, 2003 a simple example to illustrate the concept of coarse grained interfaces, lets take a couple of simple objects and compose a more useful business service out of them by applying a new facade. If the grain has a small amount of code, it is fine grain. Ieee transactions on very large scale integration vlsi systems 196, 10621074. Coarsegrained locks, and the importance of transactions, are key concepts that motivate why intel transactional synchronization extensions tsx is useful. Modulo scheduling loops onto coarsegrained reconfigurable. Moreover, it is almost impossible to show a finegrained architecture to upper management since it is too detailed. The central problem that appears in several forms is that it is easy for this model to use processor resources poorly. Simply wraps one or more finegrained services together into a more coarsegrained operation.
Specifically, it presents an empirical study that covers the location, pin arrangement, and interconnect between embedded floating point units fpus and the fine grained logic fabric in fpgas. The tradeoff between coarse and fine grained locking is a well understood issue in operating systems. Coarse grained remote interface vs encapsulating business logic. If a system has a lot of computation to do, that computation might be divided into chunks and stored in a set of grains. Exemplary finegrained and coarsegrained reconfigurable. Coarse grainedfine grained study guide by dbecker1997 includes 10 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. On the right is a coarsegrained block with only a handful of lots. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Model these objects as local entity beans when you can assure that their clients are colocated on the same jvm, or implement the business objects with a local view and provide a remote enterprise bean facade to them. Survey on coarse grained reconfigurable architectures.
However since u do not seem to be very clear i will try and explain. In recent years the consideration of coarse grained reconfigurable architectures in soc design is growing 3. We propose a modulo scheduling technique for cgra architectures that leverages graph embedding commonly used in graph layout and visualization, referred to as modulo graph embedding. This complicates message processing in the endpoint and might in turn harm performance. The coarse grained reconfigurable architecture adres architecture for dynamically reconfigurable embedded systems and its compiler offer a tool flow to design sparsely interconnected 2d array processors with an arbitrary number of functional units, register files and interconnection topologies. For example, in computer science, an algorithm is fine grained if it is divided into many small steps, and coarse grained if it is divided into few large steps. With coarse grained striping asm writes data to each disk in the same round robin fashion, but writes chunks in the size of the asm instances allocation unit au. In this section we look at different kinds of parallelism ranging from coarse grained to fine grained parallelism. N2 a wide variety of computer architectures have been proposed that attempt to exploit parallelism at different granularities. Parallel computing elsevier parallel computing 20 1994 729751 a multiprocessor architecture combining fine grained and coarse grained parallelism strategies david j. There are two main types of reconfigurable architectures fine grained and coarse grained. Pdf automatic irregularityaware finegrained workload. Reconfigurable systems have drawn increasing attention from both academic researchers and creators of commercial applications in the past few years because they could combine flexibility with efficiency.
The former typically requires increased design complexity but can reduce the number of calls required to complete a task. Coarse grained models are presently often used as components of multiscale modeling protocols in combination with reconstruction tools from coarse grained to atomistic. Coarse grained locking easy, same as synchronized methods. Di erent color represents different thread and the white box means idle execution unit. Here, programs are broken into large number of small tasks. Fine and coarsegrain reconfigurable computing gives the basic concepts and building blocks for the design of fine or fpga and coarsegrain reconfigurable architectures. Heres a look at the key role played by coarsegrained interfaces. The amount of work associated with a parallel task is low and the work is evenly distributed among the processors. An evaluation of coarsegrained locking for multicore. Coarsegrained views on server vs finegrained views. Parallelizing a single nn layer intralayer parallelism. Designing a coarse grained reconfigurable architecture for. Polymorphic pipeline array supported finegrained parallelism with software pipeline and coarsegrained pipeline parallelism, which come from ilp and tlp. Finegrained smaller components of which the larger ones are composed, lowerlevel service.
Even if the architecture allowed for fine granularity. A coarse grained reconfigurable architectural template. In parallel computing, granularity or grain size of a task is a measure of the amount of work or. A multiprocessor architecture combining finegrained and coarse. In this paper, we will be concerned with fine grained environments. Coarse grained parallelism in which one thread is associated primarily with one task has drawbacks that have become more pressing in the era of multi and manycore computers. One principal use of such grains is to act as a unit of scheduable work. Coarsegrained parallelism an overview sciencedirect. Coarse grained development in a city is like salt and pepper in a meal. In finegrained parallelism, a program is broken down to a large number of small tasks. Mar 05, 2012 the model i have just presented is referred to as coarsegrained parallelism. A multiprocessor architecture combining finegrained and. The level of granularity of a software component is the result of a number of factors.
Coarsegrained services may pass more data than finegrained services, including data that is not specifically required for the task. Recentlydeveloped integrated architecture design and softwaresupported design flow of fpga and coarsegrain reconfigurable architecture are also described. First, due to the bitlevel operations, operators for wide. These tasks are assigned individually to many processors.
Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures chapter 2 2. Coarse grained services may pass more data than fine grained services, including data that is not specifically required for the task. Coarsegrained and finegrained locking niklas fors 201205 art of multiprocessor programming 1 slides borrowed from. A microservices architecture introduces a lot of moving parts, and the initial costs will be higher. Cray ymp is an example of coarsegrained parallel computer which has a grain size of about 20s. Its often better to start with a few coarse grained, selfcontained services, and then decompose them into more fine grained services as the application matures. The coarsegrainedfinegrained logic interface in fpgas. First, swarm is a parallel architecture that makes fine grained parallelism practical by leveraging order as a general synchronization primitive. An evaluation of coarse grained locking for multicore microkernels. Design of lowpower coarse grained reconfigurable architectures. Fine grained architectures, like fpgas, use basic logic blocks with a data width of 2 to 4bits, whereas the coarse grained architectures consist of functional units working on data words of 8 or 16bits or even more. Fine and coarsegrain reconfigurable computing request pdf. Difference between finegrained and coarsegrained simd architecture simd stands for single instruction multiple data is actually a class of parallel computers in flynns classification.
However, there are few cgras that support speculative parallelism well, which is an important. What is the difference between coarsegrained and fine. The functionality of fine grained architecture hardware is specified at the bit level while the. Coarse granularity an overview sciencedirect topics. Simultaneous multithreading, which can only be implemented on a multicore system, executes the different threads on different cores, or on different. This work focuses on the design and optimization of recon. The replacement of a fine grained description with a lowerresolution coarse grained model is called coarse graining. Applying typical coarse grained authorization methodologies such as rbac rolebased access control can take you only so far in controlling access. Existing dataflow schemes for coarse grained parallelism suffer from significant inefficiencies. If it has a large amount of code, it is coarse grain. As generalpurpose processors have hit the power wall and chip fabrication cost escalates alarmingly, coarse grained reconfigurable architectures cgras are attracting increasing interest from both academia and industry, because they offer the performance and energy efficiency of hardware with the flexibility of software. Specifically, it presents an empirical study that covers the location, pin arrangement, and interconnect between embedded floating point units fpus and the finegrained logic fabric in fpgas. Maximizing performance with finegrained parallelism intel. This research work investigates the use of a fine grained management of software artefacts within a process support system named adams advanced artefact management system.
Coarsegrained article about coarsegrained by the free. The readwrite operation in rdd is either coarse grained or fine grained. A coarsegrained implementation of this function would return the account holders name and address. By definition a coarsegrained service operation has broader scope than a finegrained service, although the terms are relative. It outlines the computers with multiple processing elements that can perform the same operation on multiple data points simultaneously.
In the context of software engineering and software architecture, service granularity is a key. Coarsegrained configurable architectures chapter 2 2. Swarm hardware provides support for fine grained task management, and executes tasks speculatively and out of order to scale. However, it has some important limitations that can deprive an application of some of the performance benefits of parallelization. These are terms typically used in economics, computer science and geology. Coarse grained meaning we can transform the whole dataset but not individual element on the dataset.
But, you can see that in historical cities, the space between the large buildings was filled in with fine grained development. The coarsegrained modeling originates from work by michael levitt and ariel warshel in 1970s. To solve this problem, we propose a system software called finepar, which considers architectural differences of the cpu and gpu and leverages fine grained collaboration enabled by integrated. Polymorphic pipeline array supported fine grained parallelism with software pipeline and coarse grained pipeline parallelism, which come from ilp and tlp. If you only expose the coarse grained ones, youre not putting a boundary between the coarse and fine grained work.
Coarsegrained materials or systems have fewer, larger discrete components than finegrained materials or systems. A fine grained service interface is about the same like chatty interface. Fine grained striping writes 128 kb data to each asm disk in the diskgroup in a round robin fashion, 128 kb goes to the first disk, then the next 128 kb, goes to the next disk, etc. Architectural exploration of the adres coarsegrained. Finegrained devices are optimized to implement glue logic and irregular structures like state machines. It is better to have more coarsegrained service operations, which are composed by finegrained operations. In the future this may likely result in the multiple individual responsibilities of the fine grained work bleeding into the coarse grained ones which would be an srp violation. The coarsegrainedfinegrained logic interface in fpgas with. The second, carbon, is a coarse grain architecture implementing the time multiplexed processing elements of the malibu architecture 9. Pdf coarsegrained reconfigurable array architectures. The word granular is used to describe something that is made up of multiple elements.
Difference between finegrained and coarsegrained simd. Reducing message size may require adding a more fine grained operation. A fine grained description of a system is a detailed, exhaustive, lowlevel model of it. Waytoospecific query apis are typically what you get when your application architecture and sometimes the development process itself fails. Coarse and fine grain programmable overlay architectures. Example of a coarse grained reconfigurable architecture. Section 3 focus on the development of different coarse grained architecture and describe the factors that were considered in the designing of coarse grain architectures and their target application. As a result of the attacks on coarsegrained variants of cfi, researchers have focused on. On the definition of service granularity and its architectural impact. T1 a multiprocessor architecture combining finegrained and coarse grained parallelism strategies.
Coarse grained blocks recently developed in another side of town, averaging around 1 lot per block. Fine grain multithreading switches between the threads every so often, while coarse grain multithreading transfers control only when the executing thread is waiting for some operation to resolve. The terms finegrained, mediumgrained and coarsegrained are frequently used to describe architectural components or indeed services but there seems. If the elements are small, we call it fine grained, and if the elements are large, we call it coarse grained. The design of the dpfpga is very similar to conventional fine grained. Pdf on the definition of service granularity and its architectural. At every cycle, four execution units can work in parallel. Fine and coarsegrain reconfigurable computing stamatis. Sep 17, 2018 first, swarm is a parallel architecture that makes fine grained parallelism practical by leveraging order as a general synchronization primitive. Oct 21, 2015 having a fine grained economy made up of many small businesses is generally preferable over a coarse grained economy made up of fewer businesses because it implies a more resilient economy if one of the businesses fail, less is the effect on the overall economy and more distributed wealth the profit and ownership of the businesses are. This necessitates a rather different modeling approach to environ mental heterogeneity than that encountered in coarse grained models in which. Note that on the server a more reasonable fine grained api is written, and the current api calls just cause the server to wire those together its just that what is exposed to the ui matches exactly what it needs at that particular moment. Finegrained vehicle model recognition using a coarseto. In this paper, relying on the sandy pebble stratum in chengdu city, sichuan province, china, the influencing law of coarse grained content on the macromechanical properties of sandy pebble soil was studied using the largescale triaxial test of coarse grained soil, on this basis, a particle discrete element numerical triaxial test platform was established, and the micromechanical parameters of.
Coarsegrained locks and transactional synchronization. They also have the potential to bridge the performancepower gap between fpgas and asics. Therefore, coarse grained reconfigurable arrays cgras have been proposed to this aim. Service composition lets you develop business processes, applications, and complex services using simpler services from diverse environments. Rbac falls short of addressing fine grained authorization at runtime. Telvents on the other hand does not go and break down their software components very far, instead they have a little bigger components, yes they cannot reuse all sub components but that makes the architecture decoupled and easily readable and can be presented to someone without architecture skills.
1453 1569 1146 1633 285 34 425 860 1376 13 760 895 819 534 1178 358 1134 434 1166 1280 1219 249 1487 1022 81 710 673 754 324 109 1043 1088 1492 278 1623 221 46 339 303 1372 145 232 858 651 716 913 113 816 846 43 76